屋頂上的晚餐
都會養耕共生系統在永續生產上已被證明是成功的解決方案,尤其確保糧食和營養安全部份,足以讓弱勢群體自給自足。
Urban aquaponic systems have proven to be successful in providing an environmentally sustainable solution to ensure food and nutrition security and to protect the livelihoods of the most vulnerable.
在加薩走廊,每個家庭每天都在努力謀食。加薩走廊是在世界上人口最稠密的地區之一,人均4,073平方公里(類似新北市的人口密度)。傳統上以農漁業為生,今天持續的以阿衝突限制了當地的農業土地和魚場開發。
In the Gaza Strip, families are struggling to put food on the table every day. The Gaza Strip is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with 4,073 capita per square kilometre. Traditionally dependant on agriculture and fisheries, today, the local population has limited access to agricultural land and fishing areas, due to the ongoing conflict.
此外,在2007年6月的封鎖已導致食品價格飆升,防止糧食生產的基本投入,如種子,水泵,漁網,備用發動機零部件和獸藥的進口。 2011年,一半的人口作為食品不安全,平均每10人一個養家糊口和兒童被暴露水平上升的急性營養不良和生長發育遲緩。環境挑戰,如水資源短缺,使加沙居民的生活更加岌岌可危。
Additionally, the blockade imposed in June 2007 has caused food prices to soar and prevents imports of basic inputs for food production, such as seeds, water pumps, fishing nets, spare engine parts and veterinary drugs. In 2011, half of the population was reported as food insecure, with an average of one breadwinner for every 10 people, and children being exposed to rising levels of acute malnutrition and stunted growth. Environmental challenges, such as water shortages, have made the life of Gaza’s inhabitants even more precarious.
In July 2010, FAO launched a project to improve the food security of families, with the support of the Kingdom of Belgium. Four women’s associations and a local NGO - Palestine Tomorrow for Social Development (PTSD) - worked jointly with FAO to support vulnerable urban families, mostly female-headed, to setup small sustainable food production activities, in order to combat poverty and malnutrition and reach self-sufficiency.
Urban agriculture as a response to food insecurity
Vertical rooftop or backyard gardens connected to rooftop fish tanks were provided to 100 vulnerable, female-headed families. This integrated production system, called aquaponics, capitalizes on the synergies between aquaculture (fish farming) and horticulture (vegetable or fruit growing), and can work where there is no land, no space and where resources are scarce. Waste water from the fish tanks is used to irrigate the vertical rooftop gardens, and acts as an organic fertilizer, increasing vegetable and fruit production without the need of chemical fertilizers. On the other hand, vegetable waste products are used to feed the fish.
Aquaponic systems are an inexpensive source of animal protein and vitamins and thus greatly improve the diets and health of vulnerable households.
Since taking part in the project, Eman Nofal’s life significantly changed. After her husband died in the conflict between the Fatah and Hamas factions in 2006, she faced hard times in feeding her three sons and one daughter. As soon as the aquaponic system was put in place on her rooftop, she started planting and enjoying her home-grown cucumbers, eggplants, hot peppers, rocket, and tomatoes.
“The system doesn’t require much effort to manage”, she says. “It’s only the initial setup of the system that is more time consuming.”
Her children learned how to use the aquaponic system also, planting and harvesting the vegetables and raising the fish. She reports: “I ask my kids to help me with the system because I want them to understand that if they plant, they will be able to harvest and enjoy fresh vegetables.”
Now that the aquaponic system provides her with safe and tasty fish and vegetables, Eman is thinking of increasing the capacity of her integrated production unit by adding more vegetable growing beds and fish tanks. This could help her to generate some income by selling on the market what her family is not able to consume. The money will help her pay rent for her home, and will also contribute to her children's health and education expenses.
Urban aquaponic systems have proven to be successful not only in providing an environmentally sustainable solution to ensure food and nutrition security and to protect the livelihoods of the most vulnerable, but also in transferring technical skills to younger generations, who can in turn use them to improve their lives.
在2010年7月,糧農組織發起了一個項目,以改善家庭的糧食安全,與比利時王國的支持。四婦女協會和當地非政府組織 - 巴勒斯坦明天社會發展(PTSD) - 曾共同與糧農組織支持來打擊貧困和營養不良,並達到自我的城市弱勢家庭,大多是女性當家的,設置小的可持續食品生產活動,自給自足。
都市型現代農業為應對糧食不安全
的垂直屋頂或後院花園連接到屋頂魚缸的提供100弱勢群體,女性為戶主的家庭。這種集成生產系統,稱為複合養殖,利用之間的協同效應,水產養殖(養魚),園藝(蔬菜或水果種植),並可以工作,那裡是沒有土地,沒有空間和資源是稀缺的。從魚缸廢水用來澆灌屋頂垂直花園,作為有機肥料,化學肥料,而不需要增加蔬菜和水果的生產。另一方面,蔬菜廢物產品用於餵魚。
複合養殖系統是一種廉價的動物蛋白和維生素的來源,從而大大提高了弱勢家庭的飲食和健康。
由於參與該項目,林二汶Nofal生活顯著改變。派別法塔赫和哈馬斯之間的衝突在2006年她丈夫去世後,她面臨著艱難的時刻,在餵養她的三個兒子和一個女兒。只要複合養殖系統已經到位,她開始在她的屋頂種植和享受她家種的黃瓜,茄子,辣椒,火箭,和西紅柿。
“該系統並不需要多大的努力來管理”,她說。 “這只是系統的初始設置是耗費更多的時間。”
她的孩子也學會了如何使用複合養殖系統,種植和收穫的蔬菜,養的魚。她報告:“我問我的孩子們來幫我,因為我希望他們明白,如果他們廠,他們將能收穫和享受新鮮的蔬菜與系統。”
現在,複合養殖系統為她提供安全,美味的魚和蔬菜,林二汶是想提高她的綜合生產裝置的能力增加更多的蔬菜種植床和魚缸。這可以幫助她產生一些收入,市場上賣什麼,她的家庭是不能夠消耗。這筆錢將幫助她為她的家庭支付房租,也將有利於孩子們的健康和教育開支。
城市複合養殖系統已被證明是成功的,不僅提供一個環境上可持續的解決方案,以確保糧食和營養安全,並保護最弱勢群體的生計,但在技術技能轉移給年輕一代,也可以反過來用它們來改善他們的生活。
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