水苔

Sphagnum Moss
What is sphagnum moss? Where does it grow? Is it useful or does it pose health dangers? Let's find out.
Most of us are familiar with sphagnum moss. You don't think so? Hmmm...you probably know most species of this genus of moss by the name of peat moss or bog moss. Well, even if you've never heard of it, you must have seen it albeit without realizing what it's called - oh come on! Are you trying to tell me you've never seen those green, cushion like layers that sprawl across the surface of still water bodies or marshes during the rainy seasons? Well, that is sphagnum moss! This type of moss is generally known by the name of peat moss because it tends to exists in abundance in acidic peat wetlands and mires. Let's get to know this moss a little closely to find out everything about its life cycle, geographical distribution, conservation status, uses and health hazards.
水苔
水苔是什麼?它生長在哪裡?他對健康有害嗎?讓我們一探究竟。
我們大多數人都熟悉水苔。你不這麼認為嗎?嗯......你大概知道這種苔蘚泥炭蘚沼澤苔蘚的名稱屬品種最。好吧，即使你從來沒有聽說過它，你必須看到它 雖然沒有實現它叫什麼 - 拜託！你想告訴我你從來沒有見過這樣層層的綠色，坐墊，蔓延整個地表水體或沼澤在雨季？嗯，這是水苔！一般人都知道這種類型的苔蘚泥炭蘚的名稱，因為它往 往存在豐富的酸性泥炭濕地和沼澤。讓我們知道這青苔一點密切合作，以找出一切有關其生命週期，地理分佈，保護現狀，用途和健康危害。
What is Sphagnum Moss

A close scrutiny of the green vegetative layer that spans across marshes and wetlands would reveal that there are actually two distinct layers of vegetation involved. The upper, topmost surface that faces the sky is actually made up of a layer of live-growing moss cover, while the subsequent layers that lie underneath this surface layer is composed of decaying vegetative matter which is known as sphagnum peat moss. Sphagnum moss belongs to the phylum Bryophytes which is a lower strata of the plant kingdom that also includes lower plant forms like seaweed and algae. Like all other mosses, protists and fungi, Sphagnum mosses undergo metagenesis. The haploid gametophyte releases archegonia (female gametes that produce eggs) and antheridia (male counterpart that produces sperms). The sperms swim across the water to access the archegonia and fertilize the eggs contained therein. The fertilized eggs are known as diploid zygote and these turn into sporophytes which, on maturity, manufacture and produce haploid spores. On germination, these spores become gametophytes and the entire cycle starts all over again.
什麼是水苔
一個跨越，橫跨沼澤和濕地的綠色植被層的密切關注，就會發現其實是有兩種截然不同的植被層參與。面臨的天空上，頂層的表面活生長的苔蘚覆蓋層組成，而隨後 的層位於表層下面這腐爛的營養物質被稱為泥炭蘚組成。水苔屬於門的苔蘚植物，這是一個低下層的植物王國，還包括較低的植物，如海藻和藻類形式。像所有其他 的苔蘚，原生生物和真菌，泥炭蘚類植物進行metagenesis。單倍體配子體排放頸卵器（產生卵子的雌配子）和antheridia（產生精子的男 性）。精子遊過水進入頸卵器及受精的雞蛋中所載。受精卵被稱為二倍體受精卵，孢子，成熟，製造和產生單倍體的孢子，這些反過來。對種子發芽，這些孢子成為 配子體和整個週期重新開始。
Bogs and sphagnum mosses share a symbiotic relationship. Bogs and all vegetation that thrive there are completely dependent upon rainfall to derive nutrition. Sphagnum moss has an important role to play here, as it has the ability to trap and store air and rainwater within its cells that can be used by the rest of the bog after the rains have ceased. Let's take a look at some other interesting facts about sphagnum moss.
沼澤和泥炭蘚苔蘚共享一個共生的關係。沼澤和植被的茁壯成長有完全依賴後，降雨以獲得營養。水苔具有重要的作用，在這裡打球，因為它有能力捕獲和細胞內的降雨已經停止後，可以用於休息的沼澤，空氣和雨水商店。讓我們來看看一些水苔其他有趣的事實。
Sphagnum Moss Facts

Check out these interesting facts about sphagnum moss and you'll realize that this particular moss is much more than a bog-shroud.
水苔事實
退房有關水苔這些有趣的事實，你就會明白，這個特殊的苔蘚是遠遠高於沼澤壽衣。

The largest number of Sphagnum species occur in the Northern hemisphere including the Arctic tundra biome where they can be seen in the summer months growing over moist, soggy, summer marshes. A few species are also found in the Southern hemisphere, especially in Argentina, Chile, New Zealand, sub-tropical regions of Brazil and Tasmania.
Like all other species of moss, the sphagnum moss is also capable of dispersing its spores aerially.
Due to its ability to lock large amounts of moisture and air within its cells, peat moss is widely used as a soil conditioner for gardening and horticulture.
泥炭蘚物種數量最多的出現在北半球，包括北極苔原群落，在那裡他們可以看到在夏季多潮濕，潮濕，夏季沼澤個月增長。在南半球，尤其是在阿根廷，智利，新西蘭，巴西和塔斯馬尼亞州的亞熱帶地區，少數種類也發現。
象所有其他種類的苔蘚，泥炭蘚也能夠分散其孢子在空中。
由於它能夠鎖住大量水分，其細胞內的空氣，泥炭被廣泛用作土壤改良劑的園林園藝。
吸收能力和酸性泥炭組成，是兩次世界大戰期間流行的傷口敷料，因為它作為抗菌劑和殺菌劑的作用。
The absorbing capability and acidic composition of peat moss made it a popular dressing for wounds during both World Wars, since it acts as an anti bacterial agent and fungicide.
Peat moss is considered as an organic alternative to chlorine for purifying the water of swimming pools.
Mushroom grow well in peat moss conditioned soil.
Peat covered bogs, due to their acidic environment, are known to have been used for preserving food items like butter and lard.
Sphagnum moss is also useful in dissolving septic tank effluents where the soil is inappropriate for such activity.
Despite all its anti-bacterial and fungicidal properties (owing to its acidic environment), peat moss is often known to be a host to the Sporothrix schenckii fungus which can lead to Sporotrichosis on contact with broken skin.
There are about as many as 300 species of moss that compose of the sphagnum genus.

Sphagnum moss is often cultivated by gardeners and horticulturists for enlivening their bog gardens as well as to condition and replenish garden soil and act as a fertilizer to other flowering plants and ferns. Growing sphagnum moss is quite easy. The simplest way to cultivate sphagnum moss is to lay some dead peat at the bottom of a vessel full of water and laying a little live moss culture on top of it. Leave the vessel out in the rain and allow the sphagnum moss to grow and spread. This way, you may be able to create your very own bog garden. 

泥炭被視為一個有機的替代氯氣泳池水淨化。
蘑菇泥炭蘚空調土壤中生長良好。
泥炭沼澤覆蓋，由於其酸性環境，是已知的，已被用來保存食品，如黃油和豬油。
水苔也是在溶解化糞池的污水，這裡的土壤是不適用於這類活動非常有用的。
儘管所有的抗細菌和真菌的特性（由於其酸性環境），泥炭蘚經常被稱為是申克孢子絲菌可導致破損的皮膚接觸到孢子絲菌病的主機。
有多達300蘚類植物，泥炭蘚屬組成。

水苔通常被園丁和園藝栽培，活躍他們的沼澤花園以及條件和補充菜園土，並作為向其他開花植物和蕨類植物的肥料。種植水苔是很容易的。培養水苔最簡單的方法是在一個裝滿水的容器底部鋪設在它的上面一點點活苔文化奠定死的泥炭。離開該船隻在雨中，讓水苔的生長和擴散。這樣，您可能能夠創建你自己的沼澤花園。